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Women In Islam - Beyond the Stereotypes
World
Assembly Of Muslim Youth (WAMY)
Women Want
GENDER EQUALITY – FINE. Then As a FIRST Step We Need to Implement EQUAL
Representation of BOTH Men & Women in the Armed Forces of a Country Before We Go
Any Further. The Defense of a Country’s Territorial Integrity & Its Interests
MUST Take Precedence Over Everything Else.” - ABWomen In Islam: Beyond the
Stereotypes
What comes to your mind when you think of a Muslim woman? A mysterious, veiled
victim of male oppression, awaiting Western liberation? A slogan-shouting
terrorist? An uneducated foreigner with whom you have little or nothing in
common? Unless your social circle includes Muslim friends and acquaintances, the
chances are that your impressions of Muslim women have largely been formed by
negative media stereotypes - images that usually have little to do with real
life, and may have been designed to attract more viewers, sell more products, or
gain support for someone's political agenda.
How much do you really know about Muslim women's lives or views, and why does it
matter? Well, for one thing, Muslims account for 20-25% of the people on this
planet, and Islam has become the second main religion in Europe. But did you
know that the majority of European and American converts to Islam are women -
not men? Would it surprise you to learn that many women in the Muslim world feel
sorry for Western women and view them as being victimised? Have you ever stopped
to consider why Muslim women who immigrate to the West usually maintain their
identity and strive to pass it on to their children? A thinking person may well
ask, if Islam is as oppressive to women as some journalists would have us
believe, why aren't Muslim women running away in droves? What it is about Islam
that attracts any followers outside its heartlands?
In this
brochure we aim to look beyond sensationalistic or alarmist stories to take a
glimpse at what Islam has to offer educated women in today's world, and
understand why so many (men and) women of every race, colour, and social class
have made Islam their choice. The truth, like real life, is beyond propaganda
and stereotypes.
The Islamic
View of Women
First of all, women are portrayed positively in the Qur'an and the Hadith
(sayings of the Prophet Muhammad). The Qur'an is the only book of world
Scripture in which women are frequently referred to alongside men, and both are
described as being friends and partners in faith. The following verses are just
a few notable examples:
”The
believers, men and women, are protecting friends one of another; they promote
the right and forbid the wrong, establish prayer, pay the poor-due, and they
obey God and His messenger. As for these, God will have mercy on them. Surely
God is Mighty, Wise. God has promised to believers, men and women, gardens under
which rivers flow, to dwell therein, and beautiful mansions in gardens of
everlasting bliss. But the greatest bliss is the good pleasure of God: that is
the supreme felicity. (Qur'an 9:71-72)
Surely for
men who surrender to God, and women who surrender and men who believe and women
who believe; and men who obey and women who obey; and men who speak the truth
and women who speak the truth; and men who persevere (in righteousness) and
women who persevere; and men who are humble and women who are humble; and men
who give alms and women who give alms; and men who fast and women who fast; and
men who guard their modesty and women who guard (their modesty);and men who
remember Allah much and women who remember - Allah has prepared for them
forgiveness and vast reward. (Qur'an 33:35)
There is no
question in Islam of men and women being at odds with one another, engaged in
some kind of historical struggle for power. Rather, the roles of both are
complementary and essential. The Qur'an states:
O mankind!
Be mindful of your duty to your Lord, Who created you from a single being, and
from it created its mate, and from the two of them has scattered countless men
and women (throughout the earth). Fear God, in Whose (Name) you demand your
rights of one another, and (be mindful of your duty) towards the wombs that bore
you. God is ever Watching over you. (Qur'an 4:1)
Do not long
for the favours by which God has made some of you excel others. Men shall have a
share of what they have earned, and women shall have a share of what they have
earned. (Do not envy each other) but ask God to give you of His bounty. God has
knowledge of all things. (Qur'an 4:31-32)
The Prophet
Muhammad augmented the revelations he received with further teachings and his
wonderful personal example, which made him beloved by family and followers
alike. He forbade violence against women, and preached against all forms of
abuse of power. He warned that both men and women would be held accountable by
God for those in their care or under their authority, and said:
Let no
Muslim man entertain any bad feeling against a Muslim woman. If he should
dislike one quality in her, he will find another that is pleasing. The best of
believers are those who are best to their wives and families.
The
Position of Women in Other Religions
While these teachings may not seem very remarkable today, they were
revolutionary at the time they were revealed, for Arabs and non-Arabs alike.
While Muslim sons were being taught that Paradise lay at their mothers' feet,
women in Confucian China were told to obey their fathers, then their husbands,
and finally their sons after their husbands' death. Hindu women were declared to
be unfit for independence, inherently weak, easily misled, sinful and
unintelligent. In Buddhism, women were said to be the personification of evil.
At the time, Jews and Christians believed women to be responsible for the
downfall of the human race, and considered menstruation and childbirth to be the
consequences of a Divine curse.
One thousand years after Muhammad, in 1586, French Catholics were still debating
whether or not women possessed souls! English Christians burned millions of
women alive on the mere suspicion that they were witches. Married women in
Europe did not gain the right to own property, obtain a divorce or enter into
their own contracts until the 19th century. Not surprisingly, women who found
such teachings unreasonable rebelled against them and fought for better
treatment. Whereas other women have often had to pit themselves against the
authority of a male priesthood, in Islam the dynamics of social change have been
quite different.
Muhammad Was Greatly Concerned With Women's Rights
The Prophet Muhammad was an extremely successful social reformer as well as
spiritual and political leader, who championed the rights of the weak and
oppressed. The Qur'anic verses referring to women had the effect of vastly
improving the status and rights of women at the time they were revealed. Muslim
women were granted the right to own, inherit and dispose of their own property
as they saw fit; reject forced marriages; keep their own names and identities
after marriage; initiate divorce; and obtain an education - back in the 7th
century. In contrast to the dismal situation affecting many women in developing
countries today, early Muslim women were noted for their learning and
accomplishments.
The Prophet declared, 'To seek knowledge is an obligation on every Muslim, male
and female,' and his own wife Aisha was responsible for transmitting thousands
of his sayings to later generations. Aisha was also renowned for her knowledge
of poetry, medicine, and Islamic law, as well as her personal qualities of
character and intelligence. When she led a battle after the Prophet's death, no
one objected on the grounds that she was a woman. Many Muslim women in the
medieval period enjoyed positions of respect as scholars and religious
authorities. Therefore, Muslims seeking to improve the position of women in
society have usually focused their efforts on getting men (and women) to
practice Islam, rather than trying to 'reform' it, as happened with other
religions.
The main obstacles to Muslim women achieving the rights guaranteed to them, then
and now, have been persistent un-Islamic cultural traditions (usually dating to
the period before people accepted Islam in a given locality), inadequate
religious education, and the bad side of human nature.
Women's
Roles, Rights and Obligations - Spiritual Status
As shown in the Qur'anic verses above, women are considered to be the spiritual
equals of men, and they have the same religious duties. This is all the more
important when we consider that the main goal of a Muslim is to serve God, and
that this world is regarded as no more than a testing-grounds to prepare oneself
for eternal life after death. Therefore, worldly accomplishments, fame, wealth
and power simply do not have the same attraction for a Muslim, whose main focus
is on the Next World.
The Qur'an repeatedly draws our attention to the fact that the time we spend in
this world is short and unpredictable, and what really counts is our character,
how we treat others, and what we do with the blessings God has given us. In this
context, home and family are of paramount importance, since stable families are
essential to the rearing of well-adjusted children who will transmit their faith
and values to the next generation. According to a well-known Arab proverb, 'The
mother is a school.'
Social
Roles
Islam supports the traditional division of labour whereby women assume the main
responsibility for home while men are responsible for their financial support,
but with an important difference: motherhood and homemaking, like a Muslim's
inner life, are not considered to be less important or rewarding than a
professional career. Indeed, motherhood is one of the most important
professions, and competent mothers who can successfully run a warm and welcoming
home, and raise a family of happy, confident and well-disciplined children are
becoming increasingly harder to find. Muslim wives and mothers are granted the
respect due to all women for the struggles and sacrifices they make for the sake
of their families.
Furthermore, Muslims consider it unfair to burden women with both the physical
and emotional demands of motherhood and the professional demands of the
workplace, which end up exhausting so many women and destroying family life for
the sake of economic gain. Muslims often express sympathy for women in the West,
who often suffer from sexual exploitation and abuse at home and in the
workplace, while being unappreciated in their traditional roles. Western women
who seek to be respected must often dress and behave like men, and are expected
in practise to neglect their children's needs for the sake of their careers. In
Islam, femininity is appreciated, and Muslim women may seek a higher education,
work outside the home or volunteer their services to benefit the community as
long as their primary responsibilities are taken care of. Any money that a
Muslim woman earns is her own, to spend as she likes; men remain solely
responsible for maintaining the family.
Islamic
Marriage
Although Muslim parents traditionally play an important role in arranging
introductions and helping to choose marriage partners for their children, both
husband and wife must freely agree to the marriage. The Prophet granted girls
who had been forced into marriages against their will the right to have their
marriages annulled. The relationship between husband and wife in Islam is an
interdependent one, based on love and tranquility. The Qur'an says,
And of His
signs is this: He created spouses for you from among yourselves that you might
find comfort in them, and He put between you love and mercy. Surely there are
signs in that for people who reflect. (Qur'an 30:21)
Both
parents should strive to establish a stable, loving home and partnership. Major
family decision-making should be through consultation and discussion. As the
provider, the husband is expected to take the lead, as he is accountable to God
for his care of the family. If no agreement can be reached, the wife should be
supportive as long as her husband does not ask her to do anything that
contravenes religious law. This works well as long as each spouse behaves
maturely and treats the other with respect, kindness and consideration.
Codes of
Behaviour for Women and Men
In order to safeguard the moral integrity of family and society, Muslim men and
women are expected to observe certain guidelines of behaviour that Westerners
may find restrictive. Both sexes are expected to dress modestly in loose,
non-transparent clothing and avoid situations that would put them alone with
members of the opposite sex, or lead to temptation or misunderstandings. Muslim
women additionally cover their hair, since women are ordinarily considered to be
the more attractive of the sexes.
These restrictions are not observed at home among close family members, but
serve to protect women's honour in public and draw attention to their personal
qualities rather than their looks. In Islam, the sexual urge is considered to be
natural and desirable as long as it is confined to __expression within marriage.
However, Muslims are saddened by the rise in the vulgar exploitation of women
and the human body for marketing purposes and pornography, which inevitably
result in a cheapening of sexuality and the undermining of family and spiritual
life.
Islam's
Appeal to Today's Woman
For women who enjoy being women and appreciate the differences (as well as the
common ground) between the sexes, who would prefer to be respected for their
intelligence and character rather than being chased after for their looks, and
who would like to pursue personal and spiritual fulfillment at a human pace
without having to neglect their families, Islam is a very appealing alternative.
A Few Words
About Polygamy…
Many people are aware that Muslim men are permitted to marry more than one wife.
What is not generally known is that strict conditions of equal treatment in
terms of time and money are imposed on men who do, or that women may stipulate
in their marriage contracts that they have the right to divorce if their
husbands take another wife.
In reality, monogamy is the norm and polygamy the exception; it has never been
common among Muslims except in areas where it was already practised, and it is
seldom successful unless the first wife agrees. Islam did not introduce
polygamy; in reality, some form of polygamy - whether with legal marriages,
mistresses, prostitution or extra-marital affairs - occurs in every society.
Rather, it allowed and regulated it in order to protect the women and children
who might otherwise be taken advantage of. In certain cases, such as when the
first wife is chronically (or mentally) ill or unable to bear children; when
there are many widows and orphans due to war; or when a marriage has effectively
broken down but the wife would prefer to remain married; open and legalized
polygamy can be a workable second-best solution.
The Prophet
Muhammad was married to his first wife, Khadijah, for 25 years, and he did not
take other wives until after her death. His marriages to several widows and
divorcees in later years were primarily contracted for political and
humanitarian reasons, as was expected of a man in his position. His home life
was characterized by love, consideration, kindness and respect.
For reliable information on the Qur'an, Islam and Muslims, contact: WAMY EUROPE:
46 Goodge Street, London W1T 4LU, UK
Tel: +44 (0) 20 7636 7010, Fax: +44 (0) 20 7636 7080 More Literature about Islam
in other Languages is available Contact Us
wamy@wamy.co.uk
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